The .38 Super Auto, often shortened to .38 Super, is a powerful and historically significant pistol cartridge. While less common than some of its contemporaries, understanding its capabilities and history reveals why it remains a favorite among enthusiasts and competitive shooters. This in-depth look will explore its origins, specifications, performance, and enduring legacy.
History and Development of the .38 Super
Developed in the early 20th century by John Browning and Colt, the .38 Super was designed as a rimless bottlenecked cartridge intended to increase the stopping power of the .38 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) while maintaining compatibility with existing Colt 1911 pistols. This wasn't a simple case of just increasing powder; it involved a significant redesign of the cartridge itself, leading to its unique performance characteristics. Its introduction coincided with a desire for a more potent round for law enforcement and personal defense, a need that continues to influence cartridge development today.
Specifications and Ballistics
Understanding the .38 Super's specifications is key to appreciating its capabilities. Let's break down some key characteristics:
- Caliber: .38 inch (9.65mm)
- Case Type: Rimless, bottlenecked
- Bullet Weight: Typically ranges from 90 to 130 grains, with a common weight being around 115 grains.
- Muzzle Velocity: Varies depending on barrel length, powder load, and bullet weight, but generally falls between 1,100 and 1,300 feet per second (fps).
- Muzzle Energy: Ranges significantly depending on the factors listed above; however, this cartridge is known for its substantial energy compared to many other pistol rounds.
Performance and Applications
The .38 Super's performance is what sets it apart. Its higher velocity and heavier bullet weight, compared to the .38 ACP, translate to significantly greater stopping power and penetration. This makes it suitable for a variety of applications, including:
- Self-Defense: Its powerful stopping power makes it a viable option for personal defense.
- Competition Shooting: Its accuracy and velocity make it popular in various shooting sports.
- Law Enforcement (Historically): While less prevalent now, it saw significant use historically in law enforcement contexts.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Like any cartridge, the .38 Super has both strengths and weaknesses:
Advantages:
- High Velocity and Energy: Offers superior stopping power compared to many other pistol calibers.
- Accuracy: Generally considered quite accurate, particularly in competition-grade firearms.
- Availability: While not as ubiquitous as some rounds, ammunition remains readily available.
Disadvantages:
- Recoil: The higher velocity translates to more recoil compared to the .38 ACP, requiring more practice and potentially making it less suitable for some shooters.
- Cost: Ammunition can be slightly more expensive than some more common calibers.
- Limited Availability of Firearms: While the 1911 platform is widely available, the specific chambering of .38 Super might limit your choice of firearms compared to other, more popular cartridges.
The .38 Super Today: Legacy and Endurance
Despite the rise of newer, more modern cartridges, the .38 Super maintains a loyal following. Its potent performance, historical significance, and suitability for competition shooting ensure its continued relevance in the shooting community. For those seeking a powerful and accurate pistol cartridge with a rich history, the .38 Super remains a compelling choice. It's a testament to sound engineering and enduring appeal.
